India, a land of vibrant culture and entrepreneurial spirit, thrives on the ingenuity and resourcefulness of its people. Amidst the bustling streets and urban landscapes, there lies a significant yet often overlooked segment of the economy – home-based enterprises. These businesses, operated from the comfort of one's home or nearby premises, constitute a crucial component of India's economic fabric, contributing to employment, productivity, and overall economic growth. 1. Evolution of Home-Based Workforce Over the past few decades, the landscape of home-based enterprises in India has witnessed both growth and flux. According to data sourced from the National Sample Survey, the number of home-based workers stood at approximately 47.14 million in 2004-05. This figure saw a modest increase to 49.20 million by 2011-12. However, a noticeable decline was observed in 2017-18, with the estimated count dropping to 41.85 million. Despite this fluctuation, home-based work consis
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Capital
Market
A capital market is a financial marketplace where
corporations, governments, and other entities can raise funds from investors to
finance their operations or projects. The capital market is where stocks,
bonds, and other long-term securities are bought and sold.
Capital markets include primary and secondary markets. In
the primary market, companies issue new securities to raise funds, while in the
secondary market, existing securities are bought and sold among investors. The
primary market helps companies raise capital, while the secondary market
provides liquidity to investors by allowing them to buy and sell securities.
Capital markets can be divided into two categories: stock
markets and bond markets. Stock markets allow companies to issue and sell
stocks to the public, while bond markets allow entities to issue and sell bonds
to investors.
Capital markets play a crucial role in the economy by
providing a means for companies and governments to raise capital, and allowing
investors to invest in various securities to earn a return on their investment.
The stock market is a type of capital market where stocks,
which are also called shares or equity, are bought and sold by investors. A
stock represents partial ownership of a company, and investors who buy stocks
become shareholders in the company.
The stock market is usually divided into two categories: the
primary market and the secondary market. In the primary market, companies issue
new stocks to raise capital, while in the secondary market, existing stocks are
bought and sold among investors. The secondary market provides liquidity to
investors, allowing them to buy and sell stocks easily.
The stock market plays an essential role in the economy by
allowing companies to raise capital and providing investors with an opportunity
to invest in stocks and earn returns on their investments. Stock prices are
influenced by various factors, including the company's financial performance,
economic conditions, political events, and investor sentiment. The stock market
can be volatile and subject to fluctuations, which can lead to gains or losses
for investors.
The bond market is a type of capital market where bonds are
bought and sold by investors. A bond is a debt security issued by corporations,
governments, or other entities to raise capital. When an investor buys a bond,
they are essentially lending money to the issuer for a set period of time, and
the issuer promises to pay back the borrowed money with interest.
Bonds can have different maturity periods, ranging from a
few months to several years or even decades. They can also have different
levels of risk and return, depending on the creditworthiness of the issuer and
other factors.
The bond market can be divided into two categories: the
primary market and the secondary market. In the primary market, new bonds are
issued and sold to investors, while in the secondary market, existing bonds are
bought and sold among investors. The secondary market provides liquidity to
investors, allowing them to buy and sell bonds easily.
The bond market plays a very important role in the economy
by providing a means for corporations, governments, and other entities to raise
capital. Bonds can also provide a relatively stable source of income for
investors, especially those who are looking for low-risk investments. The bond
market can also be influenced by various factors, including interest rates,
inflation, and economic conditions.